ABSTRACT
[...]some tasks will become increasingly difficult to perform. [...]female employees will suffer. [...]organizations will thrive, particularly organizations that are already rich and powerful. There is evidence that many companies are simplifying their performance appraisal and performance management systems.4 It is likely to the elaborate systems that have been used for developing goals and evaluating progress toward their accomplishment will become less relevant, and sometimes impossible to implement, as the distance between the manager and the rest of the workforce becomes larger and more permanent.
ABSTRACT
Cannabis is the most widely used recreational drug in the world. Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica have been selectively bred to develop their psychoactive properties. The increasing use in many countries has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Cannabis can provoke both type 1 and type 4 allergic reactions. Officially recognized allergens include a pathogenesis-related class 10 allergen, profilin, and a nonspecific lipid transfer protein. Other allergens may also be relevant, and recognition of allergens may vary between countries and continents. Cannabis also has the potential to provoke allergic cross-reactions to plant foods. Since cannabis is an illegal substance in many countries, research has been hampered, leading to challenges in diagnosis since no commercial extracts are available for testing. Even in countries such as Canada, where cannabis is legalized, diagnosis may rely solely on the purchase of cannabis for prick-to-prick skin tests. Management consists of avoidance, with legal issues hindering the development of other treatments such as immunotherapy. Education of healthcare professionals is similarly lacking. This review aimed to summarize the current status of cannabis allergy and proposes recommendations for the future management of this global issue.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Cannabis , Food Hypersensitivity , Hypersensitivity , Allergens , Antigens, Plant , Cannabis/adverse effects , Consensus , Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Food Hypersensitivity/epidemiology , Food Hypersensitivity/etiology , Humans , Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Immunoglobulin E , Pandemics , Skin TestsABSTRACT
The 2020 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Coordinating Committee Expert Panel Working Group (NAEPP [2020 Focused Asthma Update]) guidelines and the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2021 strategy report are compared in this Rostrum article. The methodologies of each publication are described. Subsequently, 4 different selected pharmacological recommendations are compared in the 2 documents: step 1 for children 0 to 4 years of age with viral-induced wheezing, step 2 in ages 12 years and older with the intermittent use of inhaled corticosteroid, steps 3 and 4 with single-inhaler maintenance and reliever therapy with inhaled corticosteroids-formoterol (SMART), and steps 3, 4, and 5 with add-on long-acting muscarinic antagonist therapy. Nonpharmacological recommendations are also considered and contrasted, including for exhaled nitric oxide, environmental control, immunotherapy, and bronchial thermoplasty. Similarities and differences in these 2 documents are highlighted, and recommendations are made about harmonizing the approaches where possible.